Database management is a system of managing the information that is used to support a company’s business operations. It involves storing data, distributing it to users and applications, editing it as needed as well as monitoring changes in data and making sure that data integrity is not compromised due to unexpected failure. It is part of the overall informational infrastructure of a company that supports decision making as well as corporate growth and compliance with laws such as the GDPR and California Consumer Privacy Act.
The first database systems were created in the 1960s by Charles Bachman, IBM and others. They evolved into information management systems (IMS), which allowed massive amounts of data to be stored and retrieved for a range of reasons. From calculating inventory, to supporting complex financial accounting functions and human resource functions.
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A database is a set of tables that arrange data according to an established pattern, such as one-to many relationships. It utilizes primary keys to identify records and allows cross-references between tables. Each table contains a number of fields, known as attributes, that represent facts about the data entities. The most well-known kind of database is a relational model, developed by E. F. “Ted” Codd at IBM in the 1970s. The design is based on normalizing the data, making it more easy to use. It also makes it simpler to update data by avoiding the need to modify different sections of the database.
Most DBMSs can accommodate multiple database types by providing different levels of internal and external organization. The internal level is concerned with cost, scalability, as well as other operational issues, like the physical layout of the database. The external level is the way the database is represented in user interfaces and other applications. It could comprise a combination of various external views (based on the different data models) and could also include virtual tables that are created from generic data to improve performance.
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